Relative density
Relative density refers to the ratio of the fiber mass to the water mass at 4°C in the same volume. Light fibers can keep the fabric warm without being bulky. It may become a thick and fluffy fabric, but it can still maintain a lighter weight. Acrylonitrile fiber is the best example. It is much lighter than wool, but has similar properties to wool, so it is widely used for light and warm blankets, scarves, thick socks and other winter products.
Static electricity
Static electricity is the charge generated by the friction of two different materials. When the charge is generated and accumulated on the surface of the fabric, it will be the clothing close to the wearer or the lint adsorbed on the fabric. When the surface of the fabric comes into contact with foreign bodies, an electric spark or electric shock will be generated, which is a rapid discharge process. When the static electricity on the fiber surface is generated at the same speed as the static electricity transfer, the static electricity phenomenon can be eliminated. The moisture contained in the fiber can act as a conductor to eliminate the charge and prevent the aforementioned static electricity. Hydrophobic fiber, because it contains very little water, has a tendency to generate static electricity. Static electricity is also generated in natural fibers, but only when they are very dry will they become like hydrophobic fibers. Glass fiber is an exception for hydrophobic fibers, because of its chemical composition, static charges cannot be generated on its surface. Fabrics containing Ebitrobic fibers (fibers can conduct electricity) do not have the trouble of static electricity. The carbon or metal contained allows the fibers to transfer accumulated static charges. Because there are often static problems on carpets, such as Monsanto Ultron nylon is used on carpets. Tropic fiber eliminates electric shock, fabric close and dust absorption. Because of the danger of static electricity in a special working environment, it is very important to use low-static fibers to make subways in areas near hospitals and computer work areas near fire, flammable, explosive liquids or gases.
Strength
Strength is the ability of a fiber to resist stress. Fiber strength is the force required to break the fiber, expressed in grams/denier or centiN/tex (legal measurement unit).
Thermoplastic
The heat resistance of the fiber is an important factor affecting its application performance. Usually, this is also an important factor to consider in fiber processing, because the fiber needs to be heated during the formation of many fabrics, such as dyeing, ironing and heat setting. In addition, heating is often used to care and update clothing and indoor furniture.
Certain thermal effects are only in the process of action, temporary and obvious. For example, in dyeing, the properties of the fiber can change during heat, but after cooling, it returns to normal. However, some thermal effects will be permanent, as the molecules re-arrange after the thermal effect and the fibers themselves degrade. The heat setting will change the molecular arrangement, making the fabric more stable (small shrinkage) and more wrinkle resistant, but there is no obvious degradation. However, prolonging the storage time in high temperature may cause degradation, such as strength reduction, fiber shrinkage and discoloration. Many consumers have experienced ironing at excessively high temperatures, causing serious degradation of fabrics and even damage to clothing.
When heated, the thermoplastic fiber becomes soft and melts into a liquid state when the temperature is higher. Many man-made fibers have thermoplastic properties. By heating the fabric containing thermoplastic fibers to form creases and folds without melting the fibers, long-lasting creases and folds can be made when the temperature drops. When heated (softened), thermoplastic fibers can be molded, and when cooled, the molded shape can be maintained (when ironing garments made of rayon fibers, care must be taken to avoid softening or melting. When softening or melting, The fabric will begin to stick to the iron), and the crease will be permanent, unless a higher temperature eliminates the original heat setting effect. The appearance of clothing can also be formed by this method, and the thermoplastic fabric has good dimensional stability.